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Discrete Math Topics Covered in CSIT 241 Note
that
there are links to some of the topics listed below. The material reached
through
the links (about the listed topics) is not comprehensive. There was much
more material
represented in class. E.g., the material about linear transformations that
you'll find posted on the web is just part of the linear transformations'
material that we covered in class. Note also that some links cover
more than
one topic. That's why you'll find repeated links.
Logical connectives (operators) and logical equivalence.
Existentional quantifiers, universal quantifiers, and negation.
Proof techniques including direct proof, proof by cases, proof by
contrapositive, proof by contradiction, proof of "if and only if", proof
of
"the following are equivalent", proof of statements of the form "there
exist(s) ... ", proof by induction
(weak form
and strong form),
etc.
Resolution proofs.
Sets
and their theorems; mutually (pairwise) disjoint sets, partitions.
Operations on sets including power set, Cartesian product,
difference,
symmetric difference, intersection, and union; notaion used for a finite
union of sets and
for a finite product of sets; product of sets in the plane R2
and the space R3.
Venn Diagrams.
The
Principle of Well-Ordering.
Composite and prime numbers.
Factoring a number as a product of primes.
Canonical form.
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic.
Quotients,
remainders, and their theorems.
Division
algorithm.
Euclidean
algorithm.
The
greatest common divisor.
The
least common multiple.
Writing the greatest common divisor as a linear combination of the
two numbers.
Integers modulo n; Zn; addition and multiplication in Zn; exponents
in Zn.
Finding the additive and multiplicative (reciprocal) inverse in Zn.
Solving
congruence equations.
Congruence linear systems (if time permits).
Binary relations; reflexive, symmetric, anstisymmetric, transitive,
equivalence, and partial orders.
Equivalence classes, representation of binary relations as digraphs.
Composition of binary relations, inverse of a binary relation.
Total orders, minimum, minimal,
maximum, maximal, Hasse diagrams. (Asymmetric and circular binary
relations are not covered.)
Relations and Functions, cardinality, countable and uncountable sets.
Matrices and vectors: special types of matrices such as the zero
matrix, the
identity matrix, diagonal matrices, lower-triangular matrices,
upper-triangular matrices.
Operations on matrices: addition, subtraction, and scalar
multiplication.
Operations on vectors: addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication,
and dot (inner) product.
Multiplication of matrices; properties of addition and multiplication
of matrices; definition of inverse and inverse of 2 x 2 matrices.
Transpose, powers of matrices, properties of powers and transpose,
symmetric matrices, skew-symmetric matrices, orthogonal matrices.
Elementary row operations, row-equivalent matrices, elementary
matrices, row-echelon form, reduced row echelon form, Gaussian
elimination, Gauss-Jordan elimination, finding the determinant by using
Gaussian elimination or Gauss-Jordan elimination, finding the inverse by
using Gauss-Jordan elimination, homogeneous systems and non-homogeneous
systems.
Linear transformations, kernel, range, the matrix of a linear
transformation, etc.
Combinatorics, multiplication principle, addition principle,
permutations, combinations, r-permutations, r-combinations,
generalized combinations and permutations.
The pigeonhole principle (all forms).
Derangements.
The binomial theorem.
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